Injection molding valve flow control

ABSTRACT

Apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of fluid material through an injection molding flow channel leading to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising: a pin having a longitudinal length and a diameter slidably mounted in an aperture in a housing that is adapted for back and forth axial movement of the pin through the flow channel; the pin having a protrusion at a selected position along its length, the protrusion having an upstream end and a downstream end and a maximum diameter circumferential surface intermediate the upstream and downstream ends; the channel having an interior surface area portion which is complementary to the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion of the pin; the pin being slidable to a position within the channel such that the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion is matable with the complementary interior surface portion of the channel to stop flow of the fluid material.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of and claims the benefit of priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/351,243 which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/328,457, filed Dec. 23, 2002 which claims the benefit of priority under 35 USC Section 119 to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/399,409 filed Dec. 26, 2001, the disclosures of all of the foregoing of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth herein.

The disclosures of all of the following are also incorporated by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth herein: U.S. Pat. No. 5,894,025, U.S. Pat. No. 6,062,840, U.S. Pat. No. 6,294,122, U.S. Pat. No. 6,309,208, U.S. Pat. No. 6,287,107, U.S. Pat. No. 6,343,921, U.S. Pat. No. 6,343,922, U.S. Pat. No. 6,254,377, U.S. Pat. No. 6,261,075, U.S. Pat. No. 6,361,300, U.S. Pat. No. 6,464,909, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/214,118, filed Aug. 8, 2002 (7006), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/699,856 filed Oct. 30, 2000 (7056), U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/269,927 filed Oct. 11, 2002 (7031), U.S. application Ser. No. 09/503,832 filed Feb. 15, 2000 (7053), U.S. application Ser. No. 09/656,846 filed Sep. 7, 2000 (7060), U.S. application Ser. No. 10/006,504 filed Dec. 3, 2001, (7068) and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/101,278 filed Mar., 19, 2002 (7070).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Injection molding systems comprise an injection molding machine having a barrel and a screw (or ram) housed within a barrel which injects a fluid material from an exit port of the barrel at a preselected velocity or profile of velocities over an injection cycle into a flow channel or system of channels in a distribution manifold which, in turn, direct the fluid to one or more injection ports which lead to one or more cavities of one or more molds.

Apparati have been developed for controlling the rate of flow of fluid material at a location within a flow channel, bore or nozzle having a straight axis that is aligned with the center of the gate of the mold cavity and along which a valve pin or other mechanical flow controlling mechanism is aligned for purposes of controlling material flow at the gate or at a position immediately upstream of the gate along the axis aligned with the gate. Such systems typically use an actuator mechanism that is aligned with the axis that intersects the gate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the invention there is provided in an injection molding apparatus having upstream and downstream channels communicating with each other for delivering fluid material to one or more mold cavities, an apparatus for controlling delivery of the melt material from the channels to the one or more mold cavities, each channel having an axis, the downstream channel having an axis intersecting a gate of a cavity of a mold, the upstream channel having an axis not intersecting the gate and being associated with an upstream actuator interconnected to an upstream melt flow controller disposed at a selected location within the upstream channel, the apparatus comprising: a sensor for sensing a selected condition of the melt material at a position downstream of the upstream melt flow controller; an actuator controller interconnected to the upstream actuator, the actuator controller comprising a computer interconnected to a sensor for receiving a signal representative of the selected condition sensed by the sensor, the computer including an algorithm utilizing a value indicative of the signal received from the sensor as a variable for controlling operation of the upstream actuator; wherein the upstream melt flow controller is adapted to control the rate of flow of the fluid material at the selected location within the upstream channel according to the algorithm.

The apparatus can include a downstream melt flow controller movable by a downstream actuator between open flow and closed flow positions within the downstream channel. The downstream actuator is preferably interconnected to the actuator controller, the algorithm utilizing the value indicative of the signal received from the sensor as a variable to control movement of the downstream melt flow controller between the open flow and closed flow positions.

The melt flow controller can be adapted to create a gap of controllably variable size within the upstream channel, the melt flow controller being movable to increase the size of the gap and the rate of flow upon upstream movement of the melt flow controller. The melt flow controller can movable to decrease the size of the gap and the rate of flow upon downstream movement of the melt flow controller.

The melt flow controller can comprises a pin having an axis slidably mounted for back and forth movement of the pin through the upstream channel; the pin having a bulbous protrusion along its axis, the bulbous protrusion having a smooth surface extending between an upstream end and a downstream end of the bulbous protrusion and a maximum diameter circumferential surface intermediate the upstream and downstream ends of the bulbous protrusion; the complementary surface of the upstream channel being complementary to the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion of the pin; the pin being slidable to a position within the upstream channel such that the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion mates with the complementary interior surface portion of the upstream channel. The melt flow controller can comprise a rotary valve.

During an injection cycle having a start point, an end point and an intermediate time duration, the algorithm typically includes a first set of instructions for moving the downstream melt flow controller to the open flow position at the start point and to the closed flow position at the end point and a second set of instructions for moving the upstream controller to a plurality of positions that control the rate of flow of fluid material during the intermediate time duration, the first and second sets of instructions utilizing the value indicative of the signal received from the sensor as a variable for controlling operation of the upstream and downstream actuators.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided, an apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid material in an injection molding apparatus having a flow channel system having an upstream flow channel having a first axis through which fluid material is routed to a downstream channel having a second axis leading to an exit aperture to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising: a first valve mechanism comprising an actuator drivably interconnected to a fluid material contacting member disposed within the upstream flow channel; the upstream channel communicating with and delivering fluid material to the downstream channel, the downstream channel delivering the fluid material to the exit aperture, the first and second axes of the upstream and downstream channels being non-coaxial; the fluid material contacting member having an outer surface portion engageable with a complementary surface of a portion of the upstream flow channel to stop flow of the fluid material, the actuator being controllably drivable to drive the outer surface portion of the fluid material contacting member through a selected range of gap distance relative to the complementary surface of the upstream flow channel; the fluid material having a rate of flow through the flow channel system that varies according to the gap distance.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided, an apparatus for controlling flow of a fluid material in an injection molding apparatus having a flow channel system having an upstream flow channel having an axis through which fluid material is routed to a gate of a mold, the apparatus comprising: a first valve mechanism comprising a first actuator drivably interconnected to a fluid material contacting member disposed within the upstream flow channel; the upstream channel communicating with and delivering fluid material to the, the gate of the mold; the axis of the upstream channel being offset from and not intersecting the gate of the mold; the fluid material contacting member having an outer surface portion engageable with a complementary surface of a portion of the upstream flow channel to stop flow of the fluid material, the actuator being controllably drivable to drive the outer surface portion of the fluid material contacting member through a selected range of gap distance relative to the complementary surface of the upstream flow channel; the fluid material having a rate of flow through the flow channel system that varies according to the gap distance.

There is also provided in accordance with the invention a method of controlling fluid flow during an injection cycle in an injection molding machine having a fluid flow distribution system for delivering fluid material to a gate of a mold, the method comprising: injecting fluid through an upstream channel having an axis not intersecting the gate of the mold; regulating the rate of flow of the fluid during the course of the injection cycle at a selected position within the upstream channel according to an algorithm which receives a variable input indicative of a sensed condition of the fluid material sensed by a sensor during the injection cycle; and routing the regulated flow of fluid from the upstream channel to a downstream channel having an axis intersecting the gate of the mold.

In the method, the selected condition of the fluid material can be sensed by the sensor at a position in the flow channel system that is downstream of the selected position in the upstream at which the flow is regulated.

In a preferred embodiment, the method can further comprise regulating the stopping and starting of flow of the fluid material in the injection cycle at a position within the downstream channel. The regulating of the stopping and starting of flow is preferably carried out according to the algorithm based on the variable input indicative of the sensed condition.

The present invention further provides a fluid material flow control apparatus which comprises a valve pin slidably disposed within a flow channel having an exit aperture through which fluid material is injected into a mold cavity. The valve pin comprises an elongate pin which is controllably driven by a controllably drivable actuator in a reciprocal back and forth motion through the flow channel leading to the exit aperture. The valve pin has a bulbous protrusion or bulb or enlarged diameter portion along its length wherein the bulbous protrusion has a continuously smooth curvilinear exterior surface extending from an upstream end to a downstream end of the bulbous protrusion. The bulbous protrusion has an intermediate cross-sectional sectional circumferential surface having a maximum diameter, at a selected position along the axial length of the protrusion for mating with an interior surface of the channel having a complementary diameter to the maximum diameter of the bulbous protrusion. The mating of the bulb and complementary surface of the channel acts to stop fluid flow through the channel.

The complementary interior surface of the channel with which the maximum diameter exterior circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion mates is typically arranged/disposed within the channel as a straight restricted throat section of the channel e.g. cylindrical in shape/geometry. The valve pin and the bulbous protrusion have a common axis. An upstream section of the valve pin is mounted within a complementary aperture in a housing, hotrunner or manifold for slidable reciprocal back and forth movement along the axis of the pin. The pin is mounted such that the bulbous protrusion portion of the pin is reciprocally movable back and forth through a selected length of the restricted throat section of the channel. The intermediate maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion which mates with the restricted throat section of the channel is complementary in geometry to the throat section, typically comprising for example, a short straight surface on the exterior of the bulb (e.g. in the shape of a cylinder) which matably slides along the complementary short straight surface of the throat as the bulb is moved axially through the throat. When the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulb is moved out of mating contact with the interior surface of the throat, polymer fluid which is being fed under pressure through the channel is able to pass through the throat section along a path toward the exit of the channel where the polymer fluid first passes smoothly along the upstream continuously curvilinear surface of the bulb and subsequently along the downstream continuously curvilinear surface of the bulb.

The pin has a length selected such that the pin can be controllably driven through at least a first position where polymer fluid flow is stopped when the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion mates with the complementary throat surface, a second downstream position where polymeric fluid flow is enabled between the exterior curvilinear surface of the bulbous protrusion and the interior surface of the channel leading to the exit aperture of the nozzle and a third position where a terminal downstream end of the valve pin mates with a complementary exit aperture surface to open and close the aperture.

The pin may alternatively have a selected length such that the terminal downstream end of the pin does not engage or mate with any surface at or near the exit aperture of the nozzle during the course of its driven stroke and thus does not open and close the exit aperture of the nozzle at any time.

The pin is controllably movable/slidable via the actuator to any desired intermediate flow position. In the intermediate flow positions the rate of polymeric fluid flow is varied depending on the axial distance between the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion and the complementary mating throat surface, the fluid flow rate being greater, the greater the axial distance.

Most typically the actuator is driven according to a programmably controllable algorithm which receives variable inputs based on signals received from one or more sensors which monitor one or more properties or conditions of the fluid polymeric material which is being injected through the manifold/hotrunner and/or into the mold cavity. Sensing one or more fluid properties such as pressure, temperature and fluid flow rate may be used to monitor the fluid and signals from such sensors input to the algorithm which control the drive of the actuator which in turn controls the position of the valve pin.

The curvilinear surfaces of the bulbous protrusion of the pin regulate a smooth transition of polymer fluid flow rate from upstream to downstream along the exterior curvilinear surface of the bulb as the bulb of the pin is moved axially through the channel either further away from or closer toward the restricted throat section.

In accordance with the invention therefore there is provided an apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of fluid material through a flow channel having an exit aperture leading to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising: a pin having an axis slidably mounted in a housing containing the channel for back and forth axial movement of the pin through the channel; the pin having a bulbous protrusion along its axis, the bulbous protrusion having a smooth curvilinear surface extending between an upstream end and downstream end of the bulbous protrusion and a maximum diameter circumferential surface intermediate the upstream and downstream ends of the bulbous protrusion; the channel having an interior surface area portion which is complementary to the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion of the pin; the pin being slidable to a position within the channel such that the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion mates with the complementary interior surface portion of the channel.

The valve is drivable through at least a first position wherein polymer fluid flow is stopped when the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion mates with the complementary interior channel surface and a second downstream or upstream position where polymer fluid flow is enabled between the curvilinear surface of the bulbous protrusion and an interior surface of the channel. The valve is preferably drivable through a third downstream position where a terminal downstream end of the valve pin mates with a complementary exit aperture surface to stop fluid flow.

The maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion is preferably cylindrical in shape and the complementary interior surface portion of the channel is preferably cylindrical in shape.

The pin is slidably mounted in the housing in an aperture which may have a diameter equal to or greater than the diameter of the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion of the pin.

Further in accordance with the invention there is provided, in an injection molding machine having at least one nozzle for delivering melt material from a manifold to a mold cavity, apparatus for controlling delivery of the melt material from the nozzle to the mold cavity, the nozzle having an exit aperture communicating with a gate of the cavity of the mold and being associated with an actuator interconnected to a melt flow controller, the apparatus comprising: a sensor for sensing a selected condition of the melt material through the nozzle; an actuator controller interconnected to the actuator, the actuator controller comprising a computer interconnected to a sensor for receiving a signal representative of the selected condition sensed by the sensor, the computer including an algorithm utilizing a value corresponding to a signal received from the sensor as a variable for controlling operation of the actuator; wherein the actuator is interconnected to and controls movement of a pin having a bulbous protrusion, the pin and the bulbous protrusion having a common axis, the pin being slidably mounted in a channel leading to the gate for back and forth movement axial movement of the bulbous protrusion through the channel; wherein the bulbous protrusion has a maximum cross-sectional diameter section having an exterior surface which is matable with a complementary interior wall surface section of the channel at a selected position along the back and forth axial movement of the bulbous protrusion through the channel.

The at least one nozzle preferably has a seal surface on a tip end of the nozzle, the nozzle being expandable upon heating to a predetermined operating temperature, the nozzle being mounted relative to a complementary surface surrounding the gate such that the seal surface disposed on the tip end of the nozzle is moved into compressed contact with the complementary surface surrounding the gate upon heating of the nozzle to the predetermined operating temperature. The tip end of the nozzle may comprise an outer unitary piece formed of a first material and an inner unitary piece formed of a second material, the first material being substantially less heat conductive than the second material.

The sensor typically comprises a pressure transducer interconnected to at least one of the bore of a nozzle or a mold cavity for detecting the pressure of the melt material. The actuator controller typically further comprises a solenoid having a piston controllably movable between selected positions for selectively delivering a pressurized actuator drive fluid to one or the other of at least two chambers of the actuator.

The exterior surface of the maximum diameter section of the bulbous protrusion may form a gap between the exterior surface of the bulbous protrusion and the complementary surface of the channel upon axial movement of the pin to a position where the exterior surface of the bulbous protrusion and the complementary surface of the channel are not mated, wherein the size of the gap is increased when the valve pin is retracted away from the gate and decreased when the valve pin is displaced toward the gate. Alternatively, the exterior surface of the maximum diameter section of the bulbous protrusion forms a gap between the exterior surface of the bulbous protrusion and the complementary surface of the channel upon axial movement of the pin to a position where the exterior surface of the bulbous protrusion and the complementary surface of the channel are not mated, wherein the size of the gap is decreased when the valve pin is retracted away from the gate and increased when the valve pin is displaced toward the gate.

At least one of the valves may have a bore and a valve pin, the apparatus further comprising a plug mounted in a recess of the manifold opposite a side of the manifold where the at least one nozzle is coupled, the plug having a bore through which a stem of the valve pin of the nozzle passes, the valve pin having a head, the bore of the plug through which the stem passes having a smaller diameter than the valve pin head at the valve pin head's largest point and the recess of the manifold having a larger diameter than the diameter of the valve pin head at the valve pin head's largest point, so that the valve pin can be removed from the manifold from a side of the manifold in which the recess is formed when the plug is removed from the manifold.

The apparatus may further comprise a second sensor for sensing a second selected condition of the melt material through a second nozzle, the computer being interconnected to the second sensor for receiving a signal representative of the selected condition sensed by the second sensor, the computer including an algorithm utilizing a value corresponding to a signal received from the second sensor as a variable for controlling operation of an actuator for the second nozzle.

The seal surface of the at least one nozzle is preferably a radially disposed surface which makes compressed contact with the complementary surface of the mold surrounding the gate. The seal surface of the at least one nozzle is typically a longitudinally disposed tip end surface which makes compressed contact with the complementary surface of the mold surrounding the gate.

The sensor is preferably selected from the group consisting of a pressure transducer, a load cell, a valve pin position sensor, a temperature sensor, a flow meter and a barrel screw position sensor.

The pin is most preferably mounted in an aperture in a housing containing the channel, the aperture having a diameter equal to or greater than the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion of the pin.

Apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of fluid material through an injection molding flow channel leading to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising:

a pin having a longitudinal length and a diameter slidably mounted in an aperture in a housing that is adapted for back and forth axial movement of the pin through the flow channel;

the pin having a protrusion at a selected position along its length, the protrusion having an upstream end and a downstream end and a maximum diameter circumferential surface intermediate the upstream and downstream ends;

the channel having an interior surface area portion which is complementary to the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion of the pin;

the pin being slidable to a position within the channel such that the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion is matable with the complementary interior surface portion of the channel to stop flow of the fluid material.

The pin is preferably drivable through at least a first position wherein fluid flow is stopped when the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion mates with the complementary interior channel surface and a second downstream or upstream position where fluid flow is enabled between either the upstream or downstream end of the protrusion and the complementary interior channel surface of the channel.

The contour of the protrusion at the upstream or downstream end of the protrusion is typically curvilinear.

The pin can be adapted to be drivable through at least a first position wherein fluid flow is stopped when the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion mates with the complementary interior channel surface and a second upstream position where fluid flow is enabled between the downstream end of the protrusion and the complementary interior channel surface of the channel and a third downstream position where fluid flow is enabled between the upstream end of the protrusion and the complementary interior channel surface of the channel.

The pin can be adapted to be drivable through a downstream position where a terminal end of the pin downstream of the protrusion mates with a complementary exit aperture of the channel that is immediately adjacent to an entrance port to the mold.

The maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion is typically cylindrical in shape.

The complementary interior surface portion of the channel is typically cylindrical in shape.

The aperture in the housing in which the pin is slidably mounted preferably has a diameter equal to or greater than the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion of the pin.

The complementary interior surface portion of the channel is preferably disposed upstream of a gate area of the mold, the pin being adapted to selectively position the protrusion relative to the complementary interior surface portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of the fluid is controllably varied.

The apparatus can further comprise:

a sensor for sensing a selected condition of the fluid;

a computer interconnected to the sensor for receiving a signal representative of the selected condition sensed by the sensor,

the computer including an algorithm utilizing a value corresponding to the signal received from the sensor as a variable for controlling operation of an actuator that is drivably interconnected to the pin.

The pin typically comprises a first portion having a diameter complementary to the aperture in the housing and a second portion interconnecting the first portion and the protrusion, the second portion having a maximum diameter that is less than the diameter of the first portion and the maximum diameter of the protrusion.

Further in accordance with the invention there is provided a method of controlling the rate of flow of fluid through a flow channel communicating with a gate of a mold in an injection molding apparatus, the apparatus including a valve pin having a selected longitudinal length that is slidably mounted in a housing that is adapted for back and forth axial movement of the pin through the flow channel, the method comprising:

forming the pin with a protrusion at a selected position along its length such that the protrusion is movable back and forth within the channel wherein the protrusion has an upstream end and a downstream end;

forming the protrusion with a maximum diameter outer circumferential surface between its upstream and downstream ends; forming the channel with an interior surface area portion which is complementary to the maximum diameter circumferential surface such that the maximum diameter outer circumferential surface of the protrusion is matable with the interior surface area portion of the channel to stop flow of the fluid through the channel;

controlling movement of the pin through the channel to selectively position the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion at controllably selectable positions relative to the interior surface area portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of the fluid through the channel is controllably variable.

The method is preferably implemented such that the complementary interior surface area portion of the channel is disposed at a position upstream of and away from the gate of the mold.

The method typically further comprises controlling movement of the pin to position the downstream end of the protrusion at controllably selectable distances relative to the interior surface area portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of fluid between the downstream end and the interior surface area portion is controllably variable.

The method can further comprise controlling movement of the pin to position the upstream end of the protrusion at controllably selectable distances relative to the interior surface area portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of fluid between the downstream end and the interior surface area portion is controllably variable.

The method can further comprise:

sensing a selected condition of the fluid;

controlling movement of the pin within the channel according to an algorithm that determines a position for movement of the pin based on the use as a variable of a value indicative of the selected condition of the fluid that is sensed in the step of sensing.

The method can further comprise:

forming the aperture in the housing in which the pin is slidably mounted and the pin to have a diameter equal to or greater than the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion of the pin.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and further advantages of the invention may be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a partially schematic cross-sectional view of an injection molding system used in one embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 1A-C are schematic representations of gates to a single mold and to molds of different sizes;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-sectional view of the valve pins used as flow contacting and flow rate controlling members in the FIG. 1 system;

FIG. 3 is a partially schematic, plan sectional view of a system according to the invention;

FIG. 4 is a sectional, partially schematic view of the FIG. 3 system;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the valve pins used as flow contacting and flow rate controlling members in the FIG. 3 system;

FIGS. 6-8 are enlarged, fragmentary views of an alternative valve pin usable as a flow contacting and flow rate controlling member in the FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 systems;

FIGS. 9-11 are examples of displays that can be displayed on a user interface, the user interface being interconnected to a master computer controller as shown and described with reference to the FIGS. 1, 3 embodiments;

FIG. 12 is a side cross-sectional view of a shaftless motor for use as an alternative actuator for flow control mechanism in accordance with the invention, the motor having an axially movable screw for driving the flow controller; and,

FIG. 13 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of a rotary valve flow controller system.

FIG. 14 is a side cross-sectional view of valve having a curvilinear bulbous protrusion and an extended pin, the bulbous protrusion being in a flow shut-off position;

FIG. 14A is a close-up view of the bulbous protrusion of FIG. 32;

FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 32 showing the bulbous protrusion in a flow controlling position;

FIG. 15A is a close-up view of the bulbous protrusion position of FIG. 33;

FIG. 16 is a view similar to FIG. 32 showing the bulbous protrusion in a downstream position and the distal tip end of the extended pin in a gate flow shut-off position;

FIG. 16A is a close-up view of the bulbous protrusion position of FIG. 34;

FIG. 17 is a side cross-sectional view of valve having a curvilinear bulbous protrusion, the bulbous protrusion being in a flow shut-off position and not having a gate shut off distal pin extension section;

FIG. 18 is a view similar to FIG. 35 showing the bulbous protrusion in a flow controlling position;

FIG. 19 is a side cross-sectional view of valve having a curvilinear bulbous protrusion, where the pin is mounted in an aperture in the hot runner which has a diameter equal to the diameter of the bulbous protrusion such that the pin may be withdrawn from the actuator and the hotrunner without removing the actuator from the housing or the mounting bushing from the hotrunner, and where the bulbous protrusion is in a flow shut-off position;

FIG. 19A is a close-up view of the bulbous protrusion in the flow shut off position of FIG. 37;

FIG. 20 is a view similar to FIG. 37 showing the bulbous protrusion in a downstream flow controlling position;

FIG. 20A is a close-up view of the bulbous protrusion in the flow controlling position of FIG. 38;

FIG. 21 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a pin having a bulbous protrusion with a maximum diameter circumferential section which has straight surfaces, e.g. cylindrical, which complementarily mate with a complementary straight cylindrical surface on the interior of the flow channel at a throat section;

FIG. 22 is a schematic side cross-sectional view of an embodiment showing a bulbous protrusion similar to FIG. 39 but where the controlling flow position is upstream of the throat section of the channel and the flow shut-off position is achieved or reached by forward or upstream movement of the pin from the position shown in FIG. 40.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of an injection molding system 10 according to the present invention having a valve gated nozzle 192 and a thermal gated nozzle 202 delivering fluid material to gates 178 and 188 respectively, which in turn communicate with and deliver fluid material to mold cavities 170 and 180 respectively. Fluid material is injected initially under pressure from injection molding machine barrel 120 into a main injection channel 14 formed in heated manifold 12 and travels from channel 14 to common upstream feed channel 160. Channel 160 feeds and communicates with downstream channels 162 and 164 having axes 163, 165 via intermediate upstream channels formed within bushings 108, 118 having axes 104, 114 respectively. The intermediate upstream channels or bores formed within upstream bushings 108, 118 communicate with downstream channels 190, 200 respectively via upstream channels 162, 164 as shown. The downstream channels 190, 200 comprise, in part, bores formed within downstream nozzles/bushings 192, 202 respectively that are disposed at the distal most ends of downstream channels 190, 200. The downstream channels 190, 200 have axes 175, 185 respectively that are aligned with and intersect gates 178, 188 respectively. As shown, the upstream channels 162, 164, the upstream channels formed within bushings 108, 118 and the upstream channel 160 all have axes which are offset from the axes of downstream channels 190, 200 are not coaxial with axes 175, 185 and do not intersect gates 178, 188. Although only two nozzles are shown in FIG. 1, the invention contemplates simultaneously controlling the material flow through a plurality of more than two nozzles to a plurality of gates. In the embodiment shown, the injection molding system 10 is a two mold cavity 170, 180 system. The present invention can be adapted to any of a variety of systems where several downstream channels 183, 185 feed a single uniformly dimensioned cavity 181 in a symmetrical arrangement, FIG. 1A, or where several channels 193, 195 feed separate cavities 199, 197 of different size/configuration, FIG. 1B, or where several channels 206, 207 feed a single non-uniform cavity 208 at different locations/points of entry where the volumes to be filled 208 a, 208 b at entry are different, FIG. 1C.

A system according to the invention is typically used to inject plastic material which is heated/melted to a fluid form and injected through a heated manifold 12 which maintains the plastic material in fluid form. The invention is also applicable to other types of injection systems in which it is useful to control the rate at which another fluid material, e.g., metallic or composite materials is delivered to a cavity of a mold.

The rate at which fluid material is delivered through the channels of the FIG. 1 embodiment is controllably varied by the fluid contacting members 102, 112 which are controllably movable along axes 104, 114 into and out of engagement contact with a complementary mating surface 103, 113, respectively formed within bushings 108, 118. As shown in greater detail in FIG. 2 the fluid contacting member 102 comprises an enlarged bulbous protrusion 102 formed at the distal end of a valve pin 107 which is interconnected at a proximal end to an actuator 40 which is in turn interconnected to a servocontroller 100 which is in turn interconnected to a master controller 20 which typically comprises a computer or other digital data processing mechanism containing a program that executes one or more algorithms that use one or more variables indicative of a signal received from one or more sensors 60, 80, 130 that sense a selected condition of the fluid material flowing through the various channels or bores of the system 10. As shown in the FIG. 1 embodiment, actuator 40, pin 107 and member 102 control fluid flow from common upstream channel 160 to a valve gated downsteam channel 190 while a actuator 30, pin 117, member 112, servomechanism 110 control flow to a thermal gated channel 200.

The master computer or controller 20 receives signal inputs indicative of a fluid material condition from three sensors 60, 80 and 130 in the FIG. 1 system. All of the sensors as shown in FIG. 1 sense a condition of the fluid at a location or position that are downstream of the location at which fluid rate controlling members 102, 112 are positioned. In a preferred embodiment, the algorithm of the computer 20 includes instructions for controlling the movement of actuator 40 and pin 102 to control the rate of fluid flow during an injection cycle through a gap 102 g, FIG. 2 that is controllably variable in size via controlled movement of pin 107 along axis 104. The algorithm also includes instruction for controlling the opening and closing of gate 178 during the same injection cycle via controlled movement of pin 195 along axis 175 between gate open and gate closed positions. Pin 195 closes gate 178 off by engagement of the distal end of pin 195 with a complementary receiving aperture at the end of nozzle 192 that communicates with mold cavity 170.

As shown in FIG. 2, the fluid contacting member 102 has a surface 102 s which is complementary to a mating surface 103 within the flow channel. When the two surfaces mate, i.e. when the member 102 is in the position 102 p in dashed lines in FIG. 2, flow is stopped. Between the 102 p position and the solid line 102 position shown in FIG. 2, the gap 102 g varies in size and the rate of fluid flow varies depending on the size of the gap. In the FIGS. 1, 2 embodiment, the fluid flow rate decreases on forward upstream movement 107 u of the valve pin 107 and actuator 40. Conversely, fluid flow rate increases on backward downstream movement 107 d of pin 107. Pin 117, member 112, surface 113 and actuator 30 function in the same manner as their analogous components described above on upstream 117 u and downstream 117 d movement of pin 117, member 112 and actuator 30.

Upstream movement of a fluid contacting member, pin or the like means that the member moves against/in the opposite direction of the flow of the fluid. Downstream movement means that the member moves in the same direction as the flow of fluid. Upstream movement to decrease and/or stop flow rate is preferred, at least when using the pin embodiments of FIGS. 1-5.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment with two upstream channels within bushings 108 a, 118 a having control pins 107 a and 117 a respectively. Each of valve pins 108 a and 118 a separately controls fluid flow rate to a pair of downstream channels and gates (one downstream gate and nozzle shown, 200 c, FIG. 4). Each of the downstream gates is controlled by a valve similar to the valve arrangement shown in FIG. 4 for controlling the start and flow stop points of an injection cycle. As shown in FIG. 3 each gate is associated with an actuator 50 a, 50 b, 50 c, 50 d which is interconnected to a valve pin such as pin 200 a, FIG. 4, which opens and closes a gate, e.g. gate 200 c leading to a mold cavity.

Valve pins 107 a, 117 a are mechanically interconnected to respective hydraulic actuators 40 a, 30 a which are in turn interconnected to servomechanisms 100 a which are in turn controlled by computer 20 a. Computer 20 a includes an algorithm which utilizes a value indicative of a signal received from downstream sensors 60 a, 80 a which sense a selected condition of the fluid material at a position downstream of the location of the point of fluid flow rate control, i.e. surfaces 103 a, 113 a within bushings 108 a, 118 a. The algorithm controls the operation of actuators 40 a, 30 a which in turn control axial movement of pins 107 a, 117 a and their associated enlarged fluid contacting members 102 a, 112 a within the bores of bushings 108 a, 118 a. FIG. 5 shows in greater detail a configuration of a fluid contacting member 102 a.

As shown in FIG. 5, pin 107 a is movable in an upstream direction 107 u and downstream direction 107 d along axis 104 a. The upstream movement of pin 107 a is accomplished by backward movement of actuator 40 a as opposed to forward movement of actuators 40, 30 in the FIG. 1 embodiment. A contoured surface 102 o of pin protrusion 102 a is configured to be complementary with channel surface 103 a such that surfaces 102 o and 103 a may mate upon complete upstream withdrawal of pin 107 a whereby flow is stopped. As shown a gap 103 c between surfaces 102 o and 103 a can be controllably varied in size depending on the position of pin 107 a along axis 104 a. Upstream movement, 107 u, 117 u of pins 107 a and 117 a causes a gap such as gap 103 c to decrease in size and thus decrease the rate of fluid flow 109 a from common upstream channel 160 a to channels 162 a, 167. Conversely, downstream movement 107 d, 117 d of pins 102 a, 112 a causes the gap, e.g. gap 103 c, to increase in size and thus increase fluid flow rate. As shown, main barrel channel 120 feeds upstream channel 160 a which commonly feeds the bores or channels within bushings 108 a, 118 a. The flow from bushings 108 a, 118 a feeds intermediate downstream channels 162 a, 164 a which feed intermediate channels 167, 169. Intermediate downstream channels 167, 169 commonly feed the bores/channels associated with actuators 50 a-d, e.g. bore 200 a, FIG. 4, all of which have an axis, e.g. 200 x, which intersect and lead to gates, e.g. gate 200 c, and their associated mold cavities. As shown in FIG. 4, common feed channel 169 communicates with a lateral channel 177 provided in bushing 202 a which communicates with the bore/channel 200 a within bushing 202 a.

In both of the embodiments of FIGS. 1, 2 and FIGS. 3-5, the rate of flow is decreased by upstream movement of the fluid contacting member and increased by downstream movement. As shown, the position at which fluid flow rate is controlled is located within a channel, having an axis, e.g. 104 a, 114 a, FIG. 4, which is not coaxial with the downstream channels having an axis that intersects a gate leading to a mold, e.g. channel 200 a having axis 200 x intersecting gate 200 c, FIG. 4.

FIGS. 6-8 show an alternative melt flow controller embodiment for use in the invention. As shown, pin 107 t is slidably mounted in a mounting channel 108 m having a diameter equal to the maximum diameter of midsection, 102 m of the fluid contacting member 102 t such that the pin 107 t can be entirely withdrawn in the direction 107 u from the manifold and bushing 108 t and readily replaced without disassembling any portion of the manifold or bushing 108 t. The maximum diameter midsection 102 m has the same diameter as the complementary flow restricting throat surface 103 s of the bushing 108 t such that when the two surfaces mate flow is stopped. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the rate of flow and the size of the flow rate determining gap 103 g can be controllably varied by either upstream movement 107 u, FIG. 8 or downstream movement, 107 d, FIG. 7 of pin 107 t. Upstream movement 107 u can form gap 103 g between bushing surface 108 g, FIG. 8, and the lower outer surface of member 102 t. Downstream movement 107 d, FIG. 7, can also form a gap 103 g between channel surfaces 103 s, 108 g and the upper portion of the outer surface of member 102 t. As described above, controlled movement of pin 107 t by computer 20 controls the size of the gap 103 g and thus the rate of flow from upstream channel 160 to downstream channel 162 t which leads to downstream channel 190 or 200 or the like. Axis x as shown in FIGS. 6-8 corresponds to axis 104 of FIG. 1 and is not coaxial with axis 175 of the downstream bore 190 leading to a gate such as 175.

In the embodiments shown, a pressure sensor is typically used to sense the pressure of the fluid material in the channel locations shown downstream of the upstream flow control members. In operation, the conditions sensed by the pressure transducer associated with each channel are fed back to a control system that typically includes PID algorithmic controllers (proportional, integral, derivative). The computer 20 typically executes a proportional, integral, derivative algorithm which compares the sensed pressure (at a given time) from the pressure transducer to a programmed target pressure (for the given time). The computer 20 instructs the PID controller to adjust the position of the flow controller or valve pin using the actuators in order to mirror the target pressure for that given time. In this way a programmed target pressure or profile of pressure versus time (described in detail below) for an injection cycle for a particular part for each downstream channel or gate can be followed by the computer or controller 20.

As to each separate downstream channel leading to a gate, the target pressure or pressure profile may be different, particularly where the channels are injecting into separate cavities, and thus separate algorithms or programs for achieving the target pressures at each nozzle may be employed. As can be readily imagined, a single computer or CPU may be used to execute multiple programs/algorithms for each channel leading to a gate or separate computers may be utilized.

Other sensed conditions can be used which relate to melt flow rate other than pressure. For example, the position of a melt flow controller or valve pin or the load on the valve pin could be the sensed condition. If so, a position sensor or load sensor, respectively, could be used to feed back the sensed condition to the PID controller.

The embodiments described control the rate of melt flow away from the gate along a channel axis offset from a channel having an axis intersecting and leading to a gate thus enabling control of flow rate to multiple channels intersecting multiple gates. Controlling the melt flow away from the gate also enables a pressure or other material condition sensor to be located away from a gate.

In practical operation, a target profile of the condition of the fluid material over the period of time of an injection cycle is created for each downstream channel where a sensor is located. To create a target profile for a particular and the mold cavity associated therewith, the injection molding machine is first set at maximum injection pressure and screw speed, and parameters relating to the injection pressure, injection time, pack and hold pressure and pack and hold time are set on the computer 20 at values that the molder estimates will generate good parts based on part size, shape, material being used, experience, etc. Trial and error injection cycles are run for the selected channels and their associated, e.g. for channels 190, 200 and their associated mold cavities 170, 180, with alterations being made to the above parameters depending on the condition of the parts to be produced. When the most satisfactory parts are produced during a trial injection cycle run, the profile of fluid material condition that produced the most satisfactory parts is determined for those particular channels or nozzle bores and the cavities associated therewith. This process is repeated for all channels in which a sensor is mounted until target fluid condition profiles are ascertained for each channel having a sensor and cavity associated therewith. Preferably, the predetermined ideal target profiles are stored in computer 20 and used by the computer for controlling servomechanisms 100, 110 and 115 during actual production injection cycles.

The foregoing process of ideal profile creation can be used with any number of channels having a sensor. Although it may be preferable to profile one channel and associated cavity at a time (while the other channels are closed) in a “family tool” mold application, the target profiles can also be created by running all channels simultaneously, and similarly adjusting each channel profile according to the quality of the parts produced. This would be preferable in an application where all the channels are injecting into like cavities, since the profiles should be similar, if not the same, for each channel and its associated cavity.

In single cavity applications (where multiple channels from a manifold are injecting into a single cavity), the target profiles can also be created by running the channels at the same time and adjusting the profiles for each channel according to the quality of the part being produced.

The system can be implemented using a user interface 214, FIGS. 9 a-b in which each target profile can be stored, displayed and sent as an input to the algorithm to be executed by the computer/controller 20. Alternatively the profile data can be input to and stored directly in the computer without the interface.

FIGS. 9 a-b show one example of pressure versus injection cycle time graphs (235, 237) of the pressure detected by the two pressure transducers 60 a, 80 a associated with the two channels 167, 169. The graphs of FIGS. 9 a-b are generated and/or displayed on the user interface 214 so that a user can observe the tracking of the actual pressure during an actual injection cycle versus the target pressure during the course of an actual injection cycle in real time, or after the cycle is complete. The two different graphs of FIGS. 9 a and 9 b show two independent target pressure profiles (“desired”) emulated by the two channels 167, 169. Different target profiles may be desirable to uniformly fill different sized mold cavities associated with each channel that is associated with actuators 50 a-d, or to uniformly fill different sized sections of a single cavity. Profiles such as these can be generated with respect to any embodiments of the invention.

The melt flow controller, 102 a associated with graph 235 is opened sequentially at. 5 seconds after the melt flow controller 112 a associated with graph 237 is opened at. 00 seconds. During injection (for example,. 00 to 1.0 seconds in FIG. 9 b) and pack and hold (for example, 1.0 to 6, 25 seconds in FIG. 9 b) portions of the graphs, each melt flow controller 102 a, 112 a (or fluid contacting member) is controllably moved to a plurality of positions to alter the pressure sensed by the pressure transducers 60 a, 80 a to track the target pressure profiles.

Through the user interface 214, target profiles can be designed, and changes can be made to any target profile using standard windows-based editing techniques.

The profiles are then used by computer 20 to control the actuators 50 a-d and thus control the position of the valve pins 107 a and 117 a. For example, FIG. 10 shows an example of a profile creation and editing screen icon 300 generated on interface 214.

Screen icon 300 is generated by a windows-based application performed on interface 214. Alternatively, this icon could be generated on an interface associated with controller 20. Screen icon 300 provides a user with the ability to create a new target profile or edit an existing target profile for any given nozzle and cavity associated therewith.

A profile 310, FIG. 10, includes (x, y) data pairs, corresponding to time values 320 and pressure values 330 which represent the desired pressure sensed by the pressure transducer for the channel being profiled. The screen icon shown in FIG. 10 is shown in a “basic” mode in which a limited group of parameters are entered to generate a profile. For example, in the foregoing embodiment, the “basic” mode permits a user to input start time displayed at 340, maximum fill pressure displayed at 350 (also known as injection pressure), the start of pack time displayed at 360, the pack and hold pressure displayed at 370, and the total cycle time displayed at 380.

The screen also allows the user to select the particular melt flow controller they are controlling displayed at 390, and name the part being molded displayed at 400. Each of these parameters can be adjusted independently using standard windows-based editing techniques such as using a cursor to actuate up/down arrows 410.

By clicking on a pull-down menu arrow 391, the user can select different channel melt flow controllers in order to create, view or edit a profile for the selected channel and cavities associated therewith. Also, a part name 400 can be entered and displayed for each selected channel flow controller.

The newly edited profile can be saved in computer memory individually, or saved as a group of profiles for a group of channels that inject into a particular single or multicavity mold. The term “recipe” is used to describe a group of profiles for a particular mold and the name of the particular recipe is displayed at 430 on the screen icon.

To create a new profile or edit an existing profile, first the user selects a particular channel for the particular recipe being profiled. The flow controller selection is displayed at 390. The user inputs an alpha/numeric name to be associated with the profile being created, for family tool molds this may be called a part name displayed at 400. The user then inputs a time displayed at 340 to specify when injection starts. A delay can be with particular channel controllers to sequence the opening of the valves and the injection of melt material into different gates of a mold.

The user then inputs the fill (injection) pressure displayed at 350. In the basic mode, the ramp from zero pressure to max fill pressure is a fixed time, for example, 3 seconds. The user next inputs the start pack time to indicate when the pack and hold phase of the injection cycle starts. The ramp from the filling phase to the packing phase is also fixed time in the basic mode, for example, at about 0.3 seconds.

The final parameter is the cycle time which is displayed at 380 in which the user specifies when the pack and hold phase (and the injection cycle) ends. The ramp from the pack and hold phase to zero pressure at about 16.5 seconds will be instantaneous when a valve pin (e.g. 195) as in the FIGS. 1-5 embodiments is used to close a gate, or slower in a thermal gate (e.g. FIG. 1, nozzle 202) due to the residual pressure in the cavity which will decay to zero pressure once the part solidifies in the mold cavity. The “cool” time typically begins upon the drop to zero pressure and lasts to the end of the cycle, e.g. 16.5-30.0 seconds in FIG. 10.

User input buttons 415 through 455 are used to save and load target profiles.

Button 415 permits the user to close the screen. When this button is clicked, the current group of profiles will take effect for the recipe being profiled. Cancel button 425 is used to ignore current profile changes and revert back to the original profiles and close the screen. Read Trace button 435 is used to load an existing and saved target profile from memory. The profiles can be stored in memory contained in the interface 215 or the controller 210. Save trace button 440 is used to save the current profile. Read group button 445 is used to load an existing recipe group. Save group button 450 is used to save the current group of target profiles for a group of flow controllers. The process tuning button 455 allows the user to change the PID settings (for example, the gains) for a particular channel valve in a control zone. Also displayed is a pressure range 465 for the injection molding application.

Button 460 permits the user to toggle to an “advanced” mode profile creation and editing screen. The advanced profile creation and editing screen is shown in FIG. 11.

The advanced mode allows a greater number of profile points to be inserted, edited, or deleted than the basic mode. As in the basic mode, as the profile is changed, the resulting profile is displayed.

The advanced mode offers greater profitability because the user can select values for individual time and pressure data pairs. As shown in the graph 420, the profile 470 displayed is not limited to a single pressure for fill and pack/hold, respectively, as in the basic mode. In the advanced mode, individual (x, y) data pairs (time and pressure) can be selected anywhere during the injection cycle.

To create and edit a profile using advanced mode, the user can select a plurality of times during the injection cycle (for example 16 different times), and select a pressure value for each selected time. Using standard windows-based editing techniques (arrows 475) the user assigns consecutive points along the profile (displayed at 478), particular time values displayed at 480 and particular pressure values displayed at 485.

The next button 490 is used to select the next point on the profile for editing. Prev button 495 is used to select the previous point on the profile for editing. Delete button 500 is used for deleting the currently selected point. When the delete button is used the two adjacent points will be redrawn showing one straight line segment.

The add button 510 is used to add a new point after the currently selected point in which time and pressure values are entered for the new point. When the add button is used the two adjacent points will be redrawn showing two segments connecting to the new point.

Sensors which detect properties other than pressure may be employed. Preferably, sensors are used which detect a property of the fluid or of the operation of the mechanisms that control fluid flow rate. Data indicative of flow rate typically comprises a fluid property that is readily correlatable to or convertible by an algorithm to the time or rate of filling of the mold cavity. Fluid pressure leading to or through an injection port is one example of flow rate data. The position of a mechanical flow controller mechanism such as a valve pin, rotary valve, plunger or ram; the position of an actuator that can be used to control movement of a pin, rotary valve, plunger or ram; the force or pressure exerted by an actuating mechanism (e.g. hydraulic, pneumatic actuator), electric motor, ram or the like; the electrical power or hydraulic or pneumatic pressure that is used to drive an actuating mechanism, motor, ram or the like during an injection cycle are other examples of data that a sensor can record and be converted to a variable for input to an algorithm executable by a computer 20, 20 a for controlling the movement of a melt flow controller or fluid contacting member.

Following is a list of exemplary flow rate indicative parameters that a sensor can be used to detect for use in the invention:

-   -   position of a flow controlling valve pin or actuator cylinder;     -   force or pressure exerted on or by a flow controlling valve pin,         actuator cylinder, ram, screw or motor;     -   energy or power used to operate a flow controlling actuator,         ram, motor or the like;     -   flow rate recorded by a mechanical, optical or electronic         sensing flowmeter;     -   flow volume injected over time by a machine ram/screw;     -   velocity of movement of a flow controlling component such as         valve pin, alternative ram, plunger, rotary valve or the like.

As described with respect to the FIGS. 9-11 profile of fluid pressure data, a similar profile of data for any of the above variables over the time of an injection cycle may be obtained by trial and error running of an injection molding apparatus and then used as a target profile to be emulated by an algorithm to control the movement of a melt flow controller during an injection cycle.

FIG. 12 shows an example of an electrically powered motor which may be used as an actuator 301, in place of a fluid driven mechanism (such as 30, 40, 30 a, 40 a, FIGS. 1, 3) for driving a valve pin or rotary valve or other nozzle flow control mechanism. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 a shaftless motor 300 a mounted in housing 302 has a center ball nut 304 in which a screw 306 is screwably received for controlled reciprocal driving 308 of the screw 308 a along axis XX. Other motors which have a fixed shaft in place of the screw may also be employed as described more fully in U.S. application Ser. No. 09/187,974, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. As shown in the FIG. 12 embodiment the nut 304 is rigidly interconnected to magnet 310 c and mounting components 310 a, 310 b which are in turn fixedly mounted on the inner race of upper rotational bearing 312 and lower rotational bearing 314 for rotation of the nut 304 relative to housing 302 which is fixedly interconnected to the manifold 15 a of the injection molding machine. The axially driven screw 308 a is fixedly interconnected to valve pin 41 which reciprocates 308 along axis X together with screw 308 a as it is driven. As described more fully below, pin 41 is preferably readily detachably interconnected to the moving component of the particular actuator being used, in this case screw 308 a. In the FIG. 22 embodiment, the head 41 a of pin 41 p is slidably received within a complementary lateral slot 321 provided in interconnecting component 320 a. The housing 302 may be readily detached from manifold 15 a by unscrewing bolts 324 and lifting the housing 302 and sliding the pin head 41 a out of slot 321 thus making the pin readily accessible for replacement.

As can be readily imagined other motors may be employed which are suitable for the particular flow control mechanism which is disposed in the flow channel of the manifold or nozzle, e.g. valve pin or rotary valve. For example, motors such as a motor having an axially fixed shaft having a threaded end which rotates together with the other rotating components of the actuator 301 and is screwably received in a complementary threaded nut bore in pin interconnecting component 320, or a motor having an axially fixed shaft which is otherwise screwably interconnected to the valve pin or rotary valve may be employed.

Controlled rotation 318 of screw 308 a, FIG. 22, is achieved by interconnection of the motor 300 a to a motor controller 316 which is in turn interconnected to the CPU, the algorithm of which (including PID controllers) controls the on/off input of electrical energy to the motor 300 a, in addition to the direction and speed of rotation 318 and the timing of all of the foregoing. Motor controller 316 may comprise any conventional motor control mechanism(s) which are suitable for the particular motor selected. Typical motor controllers include an interface 316 a for processing/interpreting signals received from the computer 20 similar to the interface 214 described with reference to FIGS. 9-11; and, the motor controllers typically comprise a voltage, current, power or other regulator receiving the processed/interpreted signals from interface 316 a that regulates the speed of rotation of the motor 300 according to the instruction signals received from computer 20.

FIG. 13 shows a pair of rotary valve flow controllers 200′ mounted in a heated manifold 15′ for distribution of fluid material from a main barrel injection channel 13′ to a common upstream distribution channel 13 d having an axis Z to downstream channels 20 d having an axis X′ that intersects the gates 9 a of mold cavity 91. As shown in FIG. 13, the axis Z of upstream channel 13 d is not coaxial with the axis X′ of downstream channels 20 d. The rotary valves 200′ are disposed within the off axis channel 13 d for controlling flow rate based on variables indicative of sensor signals sent by downstream sensors 60 t, 80 t and received in some form by master computer controller 20 for use in a control algorithm. As shown in schematic form in FIG. 13, the rotary valves comprise a housing 206′ in which a plug 202′ is rotatably mounted. The plug has a central flow channel or bore 204′ which is rotatably alignable with feed bores 201′ provided within the body of housing 206′. Depending on the degree of rotational alignment of plugs 202′ and channels 204′ with housing bores 201′, fluid will flow at a variable rate from channel 13 d through channels 204′ into non-coaxial downstream channels/bores 20 d which lead to gates 9 a. Plugs 202′ are rotatable to a selected degree by drive mechanisms or actuators 110′, 115′. Typically actuators 110′, 115′ comprise electric motors or electrically powered actuators but can comprise any suitable actuator for effecting rotation of plugs 202′. The actuators 110′, 115′ are interconnected to and receive command signals from computer controller 20 which contains a control algorithm as described above for controlling the degree of rotation of plugs 202′ and thus the rate of fluid flow during an injection cycle in the same manner as described with reference to the FIGS. 1-12 embodiments. As shown in FIG. 13, bore 204′ is in a fully aligned, full open flow rotational position with respect to downstream channel 20 d wherein bore 204′, actuator 115′ and 208′ are at an intermediate point in an injection cycle which is in operating to regulate fluid flow; and, as shown in FIG. 13, bore 204″ is in a fully not aligned, flow stop rotational position with respect to downstream channel 20 d′ wherein bore 204″, actuator 110′ and 208″ are at either a cycle end/stop or cycle point in an injection cycle where flow is stopped.

Sensors 60 t and 80 t are mounted downstream of the rotary valves 200′ and provide the fluid material condition data as variable inputs to the algorithm of computer 20 in the same manner as described above to control the operation of actuators 110′, 115′ during an injection cycle. As shown in FIG. 13, downstream channels 20 d include actuators 208′ and valve pins 41′, 41″. Valve pins 41′, 41″ are interconnected to actuators 208′ for reciprocal movement along axes X′ between open flow and closed flow positions wherein the distal ends of the valve pins 41′, 41″ close off the downstream channels 20 d at gate 9 a when moved to their fully downstream direction by actuators 208 at the end of an injection cycle. As shown in FIG. 13, valve pin 41″ is in a fully downstream gate closed position and valve pin 41′ is in its upstream open flow position. The operation of downstream actuators 208′ is similarly controlled by the algorithm of computer 20 based on the sensor 60 t, 80 t signal data that is sent to computer and used by the algorithm as a variable input. As with the embodiments described above, the downstream actuators 208′ provide the function of opening and closing the gates at the beginning and end of an injection cycle while the upstream rotary valves 200′ provide the function of controlling the rate of fluid flow during the injection cycle between start and stop. As described above with reference to FIGS. 9-11, a flow rate profile can be predetermined and stored and the operation of rotary valves 200′ can then be controlled by computer 20 to emulate the predetermined flow rate profile that is stored in computer 20 or other memory communicating with the algorithm of computer 20.

FIG. 14 shows a valve pin 700 having a smooth outer surfaced curvilinear bulbous protrusion 750 for controlling melt flow from manifold channel 760 to nozzle channel 710. The pin 700 is slidably mounted in nozzle channel 710 having a distal extension section 720 having a tip end 730 for closing off gate 740 when the pin is appropriately driven to the position shown in FIG. 16. The pin 700830 is controllably slidable along its axis Z. The bulbous protrusion 750 as shown in FIGS. 14, 14A is in a flow shut-off position where the outer surface of a maximum diameter section 755 of the bulb makes engagement contact with a complementary shaped interior surface of the channel 765 sufficient to prevent melt flow 770 from passing through the throat section 766 where and when the bulb surface 755 engages the inner surface 765 of the flow channel. As perhaps best shown in FIG. 21, the bulb 750 has an intermediate maximum diameter section which is intermediate an upstream smooth curvilinear surfaced portion 820 and a downstream smooth curvilinear surfaced portion 810. Melt flow 900 flowing under pressure from manifold or hotrunner channel 770 toward nozzle channel 710 passes through flow controlling passage 767. The melt flow is slower the narrower passage 767 is and faster the wider that passage 767 is. Passage 767 may be controllably made narrower or wider by controlled CPU operation of actuator 790 as described above with reference to other embodiments via an algorithm which receives sensor variable signals from a sensor such as sensor 780. In the FIGS. 14-21 embodiments, the passage 767 is gradually made wider and flow increased by downstream movement of the bulb 750 toward the gate 740. By contrast, in the FIGS. 40 22 embodiment, the passage 767 is made narrower by downstream movement of the bulb 750 from the position shown in FIG. 22 toward the throat 766 restriction section, and made wider by upstream movement of the bulb 750 away from the gate 740.

As shown in FIG. 21, the maximum diameter section typically has a straight surface 755 forming a cylindrical surface on the exterior of the bulb 750 having a diameter X. The throat 766 has a complementary straight interior surface 765 in the form of a cylinder having the same diameter X as the surface 755. Thus as the bulb 750 is moved in an upstream direction (away from the gate), from the position shown in FIG. 21, the flow controlling restriction 767 gets narrower and the melt flow 900 is gradually slowed until the surface 755 comes into engagement with surface 765 at which point flow is stopped at the throat 766. The same sequence of operation events occurs with respect to all of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 14-21. The maximum diameter surface 755 does not necessarily need to be cylindrical in shape. Surface 755 could be a finite circle which mates with a complementary diametrical circle on mating surface 765. The precise shape of surface 755 may be other than circular or round; such surface 755 could alternatively be square, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal or the like in cross-section and its mating surface 765 could be complementary in shape.

FIGS. 16, 16A show a third position where the end of the extended pin closes off flow through gate 740. FIGS. 14, 14A show a position where flow 900 is shutoff at throat 766. FIGS. 15, 15A show a pin/bulb position where flow 900 is being controlled to flow at a preselected rate. Any one or more positions where the bulb surface 755 is further or closer to surface 765 may be controllably selected by the CPU according to the algorithm resident in the CPU, the flow rate varying according to the precise position of the bulb surface 755 relative to the mating surface 765.

FIGS. 17, 18 show an embodiment where the pin does not have a distal end extension for closing off the gate 740 as the FIGS. 14-16 embodiment may accomplish. In such an embodiment, the algorithm for controlling flow does not have a third position for closing the gate 740.

FIGS. 19, 20A and 22 show an embodiment where the longitudinal aperture 800 in which the pin 830 is slidably mounted in bushing or mount 810 has the same or a larger diameter than the maximum diameter surface 755 of bulb 750. The aperture 800 extends through the body or housing of heated manifold or hotrunner 820 and thus allows pin 830 to be completely removed by backwards or upstream withdrawal 832. FIG. 19A, out of the top end of actuator 790 for pin replacement purposes without the necessity of having to remove mount or bushing 810 in order to replace/remove pin 830 when a breakage of pin 830 may occur. The bushing or mount 810 is typically press fit into a complementary mounting aperture 850 provided in the body or housing of manifold or hotrunner 820 such that a fluid seal is formed between the outer surface of bushing or mount 810 and aperture 850. The central slide aperture for pin 830 extends the length of the axis of actuator 790 such that pin 830 may be manually withdrawn from the top end of actuator 790.

As described above, the slidable back and forth movement of a pin 830 having a bulb 750. FIGS. 14-22, is controllable via an algorithm residing in CPU or computer FIG. 17 which receives one or more variable inputs from one or more sensors 780.

The melt flow 900 is readily controllable from upstream channel 770 to downstream 710 channel by virtue of the ready and smooth travel of the melt over first the upstream smooth curvilinear surface 820 past the maximum diameter surface 755 and then over the smooth downstream curvilinear surface 810. Such smooth surfaces provide better control over the rate at which flow is slowed by restricting passage 767 or speeded up by making passage 767 wider as pin 830 is controllably moved up and down. The inner surface 765 of throat section 766 is configured to allow maximum diameter surface 755 to fit within throat 766 upon back and forth movement of bulb 750 through throat 766. 

1. Apparatus for controlling the rate of flow of fluid material through an injection molding flow channel leading to a mold cavity, the apparatus comprising: a pin having a longitudinal length and a diameter slidably mounted in an aperture in a housing that is adapted for back and forth axial movement of the pin through the flow channel; the pin having a protrusion at a selected position along its length, the protrusion having an upstream end and a downstream end and a maximum diameter circumferential surface intermediate the upstream and downstream ends; the channel having an interior surface area portion which is complementary to the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion of the pin; the pin being slidable to a position within the channel such that the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion is matable with the complementary interior surface portion of the channel to stop flow of the fluid material.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pin is drivable through at least a first position wherein fluid flow is stopped when the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion mates with the complementary interior channel surface and a second downstream or upstream position where fluid flow is enabled between either the upstream or downstream end of the protrusion and the complementary interior channel surface of the channel.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the contour of the protrusion at the upstream or downstream end of the protrusion is curvilinear.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pin is drivable through at least a first position wherein fluid flow is stopped when the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion mates with the complementary interior channel surface and a second upstream position where fluid flow is enabled between the downstream end of the protrusion and the complementary interior channel surface of the channel and a third downstream position where fluid flow is enabled between the upstream end of the protrusion and the complementary interior channel surface of the channel.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the contour of the protrusion at the upstream or downstream end of the protrusion is curvilinear.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pin is adapted to be drivable through a downstream position where a terminal end of the pin downstream of the protrusion mates with a complementary exit aperture of the channel that is immediately adjacent to an entrance port to the mold.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the bulbous protrusion is cylindrical in shape.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the complementary interior surface portion of the channel is cylindrical in shape.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the aperture in the housing in which the pin is slidably mounted has a diameter equal to or greater than the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion of the pin.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the complementary interior surface portion of the channel is disposed upstream of a gate area of the mold, the pin being adapted to selectively position the protrusion relative to the complementary interior surface portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of the fluid is controllably varied.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a sensor for sensing a selected condition of the fluid; a computer interconnected to the sensor for receiving a signal representative of the selected condition sensed by the sensor, the computer including an algorithm utilizing a value corresponding to the signal received from the sensor as a variable for controlling operation of an actuator that is drivably interconnected to the pin.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pin comprises a first portion having a diameter complementary to the aperture in the housing and a second portion interconnecting the first portion and the protrusion, the second portion having a maximum diameter that is less than the diameter of the first portion and the maximum diameter of the protrusion.
 13. A method of controlling the rate of flow of fluid through a flow channel communicating with a gate of a mold in an injection molding apparatus, the apparatus including a valve pin having a selected longitudinal length that is slidably mounted in a housing that is adapted for back and forth axial movement of the pin through the flow channel, the method comprising: forming the pin with a protrusion at a selected position along its length such that the protrusion is movable back and forth within the channel wherein the protrusion has an upstream end and a downstream end; forming the protrusion with a maximum diameter outer circumferential surface between its upstream and downstream ends; forming the channel with an interior surface area portion which is complementary to the maximum diameter circumferential surface such that the maximum diameter outer circumferential surface of the protrusion is matable with the interior surface area portion of the channel to stop flow of the fluid through the channel; controlling movement of the pin through the channel to selectively position the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion at controllably selectable positions relative to the interior surface area portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of the fluid through the channel is controllably variable.
 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the complementary interior surface area portion of the channel is disposed at a position upstream of and away from the gate of the mold.
 15. The method of claim 13 further comprising controlling movement of the pin to position the downstream end of the protrusion at controllably selectable distances relative to the interior surface area portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of fluid between the downstream end and the interior surface area portion is controllably variable.
 16. The method of claim 13 further comprising controlling movement of the pin to position the upstream end of the protrusion at controllably selectable distances relative to the interior surface area portion of the channel such that the rate of flow of fluid between the downstream end and the interior surface area portion is controllably variable.
 17. The method of claim 13 further comprising: sensing a selected condition of the fluid; controlling movement of the pin within the channel according to an algorithm that determines a position for movement of the pin based on the use as a variable of a value indicative of the selected condition of the fluid that is sensed in the step of sensing.
 18. The method of claim 13 further comprising: forming the aperture in the housing in which the pin is slidably mounted and the pin to have a diameter equal to or greater than the maximum diameter circumferential surface of the protrusion of the pin. 